Trace elements and cell-mediated immunity in gestational and pre-gestational diabetes mellitus at third trimester of pregnancy

Authors

  • Fadia Mahmoud
  • Habib Abul
  • Ali Dashti
  • Waleed Al-Jassar
  • Alexander Omu

Keywords:

Gestational diabetes, Lymphocyte activation, Trace elements

Abstract

Objective. The aim of the study: To evaluate the correlations betweenZn2+, Cu2+, Mg2+, Se2+ and Cr3+ and alteration in T cell subsetsduring diabetic and normal pregnancy. Methods. The study involved63 women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GD) and 16 pregnantwomen with Type 2 diabetes and 48 healthy, non-pregnant womenwere included as controls. Ten ml of whole venous blood from eachparticipant was analyzed for electrolytes by atomic absorption; totalantioxidant activity, individual enzymatic antioxidants by spectrophotometry;and lymphocyte sub-populations by flow cytometry. Results.There were significant changes in lymphocyte sub-populations: NaïveT cells were decreased and memory T-cells and activated T cells(CD4+HLA-DR+, CD4+CD29+) were increased in diabetes in pregnancy.Zn2+ and Cr3+ deficiency were observed in Type 2 diabeticswith an increase in Cu2+ in all pregnant cohorts. In healthy pregnantsubjects, CD4+-HLA-DR+ was increased in direct proportion to serumMg2+ (p<0.05) and Se2+ (p<0.01). In insulin-treated GD patients,CD4+CD29+ cells were increased proportionally to serum Zn2+(p<0.05) while in diet controlled GD cohort CD45RO+/ CD45RA+ Tcells correlated directly with serum Mg (p<0.05) and Zn2+ (p<0.01)while it correlated inversely with serum Cu2+ (p<0.01). Conclusions.The results of the present study show a correlation between trace elementdeficiency and increased lipid peroxidation in diabetes in pregnancyand lymphocyte activation. Dietary manipulation may, therefore,point to improvement in existing approaches to management ofdiabetes mellitus in pregnancy.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Damm P. Gestational diabetes mellitus and subsequent development of overt diabetes mellitus. Dan Med Bull. 1998;45(5):495-509.

Buchanan TA, Xiang AH. Gestational diabetes mellitus. J Clin Invest. 2005;115:485-91.

Chu SY, Callaghan WM, Kim SY, Schmid CH, Lau J, England LJ, et al. Maternal Obesity and risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2007;30:2070-6.

Zhang C, Ning Y. Effect of dietary and lifestyle factors on the risk of gestational diabetes: review of epidemiologic evidence. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011;94:S1975-9.

Ben-Haroush A, Yogev Y, Hod M. Epidemiology of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and its association with Type 2 Diabetes. Diabet Med. 2004;21:103-13

Yogev Y, Visser G. Obesity, gestational diabetes and pregnancy outcome. Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine. 2009;14(2):77-84.

Correa A, Gilboa SM, Besser LM, Botto LD, Moore CA, Hobbs CA, et al. Diabetes mellitus and birth defects. Am J Obst Gynecol. 2008;199:2371-8.

Solomon CG, Seely EW. Brief review: hypertension in pregnancy: a manifestation of the insulin resistance syndrome? Hypertension. 2001;37(2):232-9.

Tamas G, Kerenyi Z. Gestational diabetes: current aspects on athogenesis and treatment. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2001;109(Suppl 2):S400-11.

Lupo VR, Stys SJ. Recurrence of gestational diabetes in subsequent pregnancies. In: Weiss PM, Coustan DR, editors. Gestational Diabetes. Vienna, Austria: Springer-Verlag; 1988. p. 123-6.

Rice GE, Illanes SE, Mitchell MD. Gestational diabetes mellitus: a positive predictor of type 2 diabetes? Int J Endocrinol. 2012;2012:721653.

Evans JL, Goldfine ID, Maddux BA, Grodsky GM. Are Oxidative Stress-Activated Signaling Pathways Mediators of Insulin Resistance and ß-Cell Dysfunction? Diabetes. 2003;52:1-8.

Paolisso G, Giugliano D. Oxidative stress and Insulin action. Is there a relationship? Diabetologia. 1996;39:357-63.

West IC. Radicals and Oxidative stress in diabetes. Diabet Med. 2000;17:171-80.

Georgiou HM, Lappas M, Georgiou GM, Marita A, Bryant VJ, , Hiscock R, et al. Screening for biomarkers predictive of gestational diabetes mellitus. Acta Diabetol. 2008;45:157–65.

Kuhnertm M, Strohmeier R, Stegm Yller M, et al. Changes in lymphocyte subsets during normal pregnancy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 1998;76:147-51.

Liu CL, Xu HY, Liu Y. Serum level of soluble interleukin- 2 receptor and T lymphocyte subpopulations in normal pregnancy. Chung Hua Fu Chan Ko Tsa Chih. 1994;29:518-20.

Vanderbeeken YE, Duchateau J, Gregoire M, Vandermeersch B, Collet H, Lucas A. Modulation of B cell stimulation by maternal serum. Immunol Invest. 1991;20(3):287-304.

Watanabe M, Iwatani Y, Kaneda T, Hidaka Y, Mitsuda N, Morimoto Y, et al. Changes in T, B, and NK lymphocyte subsets during and after normal pregnancy. Am J Reprod Immunol. 1997;37:368-77.

Chandra RK. Nutrition and Immunology: From the clinic to cellular biology and back again. Proc Nutr Soc. 1999;58:681-3.

Xiang AH, Peters RK, Trigo E. Multiple metabolic defects during late pregnancy in women at high risk for type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 1999;48:848-54.

Fraker PJ, King LE. Programming. Annu Rev Nutr. 2004;24:277-98.

Beck FW, Prasad AS, Kaplan J, Fitzgerald JT, Brewer GT. Changes in cytokines production and T cell sub-population in experimentally induced zinc deficient human. Am J Physiol. 1997;272:E1002-7.

Wang Y, Tan M, Huang Z, Sheng L, Ge Y. Elemental Contents In Serum Of Pregnant Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Biological Trace Element Research. 2002;88:113-8.

Borella P, Szilagyi A, Than G, Csaba I, Giardino A, Facchinetti F. Maternal plasma concentration of magnesium, calcium, zinc and copper in normal and pathological pregnancies. Science of the Total Environment. 1990;99(1-2):67-76.

Huijgen A, Sanders G. Intracellular and extracellular, ionized and total Mg++ in pre-eclampsia and uncomplicated pregnancy. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. 1999;37:55-9.

Anderson RA, Roussel AM, Zouari N, Mahjoub S, Matheau JM, Kerkeni A. Potential Antioxidant Effects of Zinc and Chromium Supplementation in People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Am Coll Nutr. 2001;20:212-18.

Roussel AM, Kerkeni A, Zouari N, Mahjoub S, Matheau JM, Anderson RA. Antioxidant Effects of Zinc Supplementation in Tunisian s with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Am Coll Nutr. 2003;22:316-21.

Ryan GJ, Wanko NS, Redman AR, Cook CB. Chromium as Adjunctive Treatment for Type 2 Diabetes. Ann Pharmacother. 2003;37:876-85.

Abul HT, Mahmoud FF, El-Rayes SK, Haines DD, Omu A. Potential aetiological involvement of Zn++, Cu++, Se++ and Mg++ in pre-eclamptic and hypertensive parturient women in Kuwait. Trace Elements and Electrolytes. 2001;18(1):20-5.

Abul H, Mahmoud F, Haines D, Mannazhath N. Pregnancy-Associated Relationships Between Serum Content of Cu2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Se2+ and Peripheral Blood Lymphocyte Sub-populations in Kuwaiti Women. Trace Elements and Electrolytes.

;21(3):168-73.

Jentzsch AM, Bachmann H, Furts P, Biesalski HK. Improved analysis of malondialdehyde in human body fluids. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 1996;20(2):251-6.

Thornton A, Shevach E. Suppressor effector function of CD4+CD25+ immunoregulatory T cells is antigen nonspecific. J Immunol. 2000;164:183-90.

Clement LT. Isoforms of the CD45 common leukocyte antigen family: markers for human T-cell differentiation. J Clin Immunol. 1992;12:1-10.

Matthiesen L, Berg G, Ernerudh J, Hakansson L. Lymphocyte subsets and mitogen stimulation of blood lymphocytes in normal pregnancy. Am J Reprod Immunol. 1996;35:70-9.

Sindern E, Oreja-Guevara C, Raulf-Heimsoth M, Baur X, Malin JP. A longitudinal study of circulating lymphocyte subsets in the peripheral blood during the acute stage of Guillain-Barre syndrome. J Neurol Sci. 1997;151:29–34.

Schempp CM, Dittmar HC, Hummler D, Simon- Haarhaus B, Schulte-Mönting J, Schöpf E, et al. Magnesium ions inhibit the antigen-presenting function of human epidermal Langerhans cells in vivo and in vitro. Involvement of ATPase, HLADR,

B7 molecules, and cytokines. J Invest Dermatol. 2000;115(4):680-6.

Nielsen FH, Lukaski HC. Update on the relationship between magnesium and exercise. Magnes Res. 2006 Sep;19(3):180-9.

König D, Weinstock C, Keul J, Northoff H, Berg A. Zinc, iron, and magnesium status in athletes-influence on the regulation of exercise-induced stress and immune function. Exerc Immunol Rev. 1998;4:2-21.

Sharma S, Agrawal RP, Choudhary M, Jain S, Goyal S, Agarwal V. Beneficial effect of chromium supplementation on glucose, HbA1C and lipid variables in individuals with newly onset type-2 diabetes. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2011;25(3):149-53.

Xu H, Liu Q, Zhou J, Zuo P, Wang J. The mechanism for the effect of Se++ supplementation on immunity. Biol Trace Elem Res. 1995;48(3):231-8.

Agostini M, Di Marco B, Nocentini G, Delfino DV. Oxidative stress and apoptosis in immune diseases. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2002;15(3):157-64.

Hildeman DA, Mitchell T, Teague TK, Henson P, Day BJ, Kappler J, et al. Reactive oxygen species regulate activation-induced T cell apoptosis. Immunity. 1999;10(6):735-44.

Downloads

Published

2012-11-16

How to Cite

Mahmoud, F., Abul, H., Dashti, A., Al-Jassar, W., & Omu, A. (2012). Trace elements and cell-mediated immunity in gestational and pre-gestational diabetes mellitus at third trimester of pregnancy. Acta Medica Academica, 41(2), 175–185. Retrieved from https://www.ama.ba/index.php/ama/article/view/150

Issue

Section

Clinical Science