Tumor Immunology

Abstract

The article contains basic facts on tumor immunology: its definition and description of neoantigens on malignant cells, of immune reaction in tumor hosts and potentials of tumor immunotherapy. Main characteristics of tumor-specific (TSA) and tumor-associated (TAA) antigens and the influence of causative agents on their expression are explained. A description of the role of T and B lymphocytes, NK-cells and macrophages in anti-tumor immunity follows. Under a separate title, the hypothesis of “immunological surveillance” over tumor appearance and possibilities of malignant cells to escape it are discussed. Finally, immunotherapy of tumors — the most significant practical potential of the anti-tumor immunity — is depicted. This includes principles of: immunization with tumor antigens, adoptive cellular immunotherapy, monoclonal antibodies and active nonspecific immunostimulation. It is concluded that the theoretical potential of tumor immunotherapy exceeds that of its actual results in clinics. Obviously, further systematic studies are required for more effective application of tumor immunotherapy in men.