Humani oblici spongiformnih encefalopatija
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5644/Abstract
Spongiformne encefalopatije su prenosiva neurološka oboljenja, karakterizirana difuznim oštećenjem nervnog sistema, prvenstveno sive mase, duge inkubacije, subakutnog toka i smrtnog ishoda.
Do danas je sigurno poznato pet oblika humanih spongiformnih encefalopatija i to: Morbus Creutzfeldt-Jacob /MCJ/, Kuru, Sindrom Gerstmann-Strausller-Scheinker /GSS/, Porodična fatalna insomnia i Nova varijanta Creutzfeldt-Jacobsove bolesti /nv-MCJ/.
Današnja saznanja povezuju ove bolesti sve više sa infekcijom prionima /infektivni proteinski partikul ili PrP/, pri čemu je veoma važno da ih organizam domaćina ne prepoznaje kao takve, te ne odgovara ni imunom ni upalnom reakcijom, vec se sve odvija kao degenerativna promjena.
Dijagnostika prionskih bolesti na osnovu kliničke slike i dopunskih nalaza može biti postavljena kao moguća i vjerovatna /pa i vrlo vjerovatna za MCJ/, ali je sigurna dijagnoza tek nakon neuropatološkog ili imunohemijskog pregleda, a najbolje sa oba.
Dok su prve četiri bolesti relativno rijetke, dotle peta, nv-MCJ, prenosiva sa životinja na ljude, predstavlja potencijalno veliku opasnost oboljevanja znatnog broja stanovništva, tim prije što je inkubacija duga i ne znamo mogući broj bolesnika u budućnosti..
Mogućost prenošenja bolesti, a za sada bez mogućosti liječenja iste, učinilo je da su mjere prevencije osnovni i jedini vid zaštite od njih. U tom smislu postoje i preporuke Svjetske Zdravstvene Organizacije, kojih bi se trebali pridržavati i u našoj sredini.
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